The great man theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The extraordinary man hypothesis - Assignment Example The article investigates the incredible man hypothesis that puts it clear that an extraordinary pioneer is natural not man-made. It just gives two choices; it is possible that one is conceived as pioneer or one isn't brought into the world a pioneer. The historical backdrop of the incredible man hypothesis goes back to the nineteenth century, when extraordinary pioneers seen around then were in conceived saints, for example Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi and Alexander the Great. The hypothesis had likewise centered around the exceptionally quested positions in the military which were inherited from father to child. This additionally prompted the name, extraordinary man hypothesis since no ladies were holding telling positions. During the 1800s, military legitimate positions would paint the initiative aptitudes of a man. With the suspicion that the abilities are characteristic, the child of the pioneer was to take over since it was accepted they had indistinguishable aptitudes from t heir dads. Thomas Carlyle, a Scottish author, is attributed for his transition to promote the hypothesis during the 1840s. As per Thomas Carlyle, the historical backdrop of the world is nothing, yet a book index of extraordinary men. He likewise accepted that incredible pioneers are those brought into the world with divine motivation and appropriate attributes to lead a gathering of individuals. The hypothesis essentially will in general separate pioneers and devotees. It gives the supposition that pioneers contrasted from their devotees. The hypothesis depicts the way that, in the public arena various individuals groups various degrees of knowledge, vitality and good quality, and in the manner in which individuals are affected to go, they are constantly driven by the prevalent disapproved of not many. (Mill operator, Vandome and McBrewster, 2010). Back in the days, numerous pioneers had the chance of getting an opportunity of authority through the bequest. This prevented the lesser in the public eye in having the chance to be pioneers. This raised the supposition that administration capacities are innate. Defenders of this hypothesis include the world extraordinary pioneers who came into power due to situational causes, for example, John F Kennedy, Martin Luther King and Lee Lacocca. In another idea, an extraordinary pioneer consistently ventures up paying little mind to their economic wellbeing or area. An individual with inherent authority characteristics will impact positive change in each spot the person in question goes. An individual may not be a holder of a definitive post yet impacts extraordinary masses to any heading the person wishes. In deed, this is a portrayal of a conceived pioneer as indicated by the incredible man hypothesis. Uses of this hypothesis are noticeable in advanced administration. Aside from government associations, privately owned business proprietors like to hand over their organizations to their children after their retirement. They accept the initiative abilities in them have been given to their children. With this, one can see the long existence of an association, which has been driven by one family for more than 40 years. Now and again, the use of the characteristic administration posts might be hard for offsprings however situational purposes make the shoes fit for them. Another application might be clear in challenging of parliamentary or presidential posts. In numerous examples, it has been

6 Critical AP Exam Tips to Ace Your Tests

6 Critical AP Exam Tips to Ace Your Tests SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The most significant thing you can do to augment your odds of getting a 5 on an AP test is to get familiar with the material. Be that as it may, it is a state administered test, and there are techniques you can use to amplify your odds of progress and ensure your difficult work pays off. Continue perusing for my top AP examtips! #1: Do Easy Questions First There’s no standard that you need to respond to the entirety of the inquiries in a provided area all together. In the event that you go to an inquiry that looks either troublesome or tedious, it’s fine to skip it and return later. This applies to both the different decision and free-reaction segments. Simply ensure you are cautious when you round out your Scantron or your test booklet! When you make a first pass and answer all the sure thing questions, at that point you can lock in on the harder or increasingly monotonous questions.Don’t let yourself get held up a lot on any one inquiry, however. In the event that you feel yourself getting stalled, avoid that question, and return to it to either take a shot at it more (on the off chance that you have time) or theory (on the off chance that you don’t). #2: Answer Every Question-But Be Smart About It Since there is no speculating punishment on AP tests, it is to further your potential benefit to respond to each address. On the off chance that you aren’t certain about the correct answer on a different decision question, wipe out the same number of answers as you unhesitatingly can before guessing.This will up your odds of speculating the correct answer and getting focuses! On a free-reaction or short answer question, simply do as well as can be expected to figure dependent on what you recall. In the event that you leave an inquiry clear, you’ll certainly get zero focuses, however on the off chance that you compose something even somewhat pertinent, you may get halfway focuses! Furthermore, even one point is superior to zero. #3: Manage Time Carefully You are permitted to carry a watch to the test just insofar as it doesn’t make clamor. I exceptionally prompt doing as such, so that you’ll know about how you are getting along on time at some random second. It’s basic that you find a steady speed on the test. On the numerous decision segment, on the off chance that you notice yourself stalling out on a specific inquiry or arrangement of inquiries, skip them and return toward the end. Don’t let a couple of inquiries totally tank your time. In the event that you’re gazing at an inquiry in disarray for longer than a moment, proceed onward and return to it. On the free-reaction segment, time the executives is significantly progressively basic on the grounds that you’ll need to finish a progression of errands in an allocated measure of time, however you won’t be provoked to proceed onward to the following exposition or question. Monitoring time will inform you as to whether you’re on track to complete everything. You ought to have time focuses for each exposition or assignment as a primary concern when you go into the test. This sort of clock isn't permitted! #4: Plan Your Essays Carefully This may not matter to each AP test it’s difficult to design a math issue ahead of time however for APs that do have paper questions, it’s basic that you plan them out before you begin keeping in touch with them. Indeed, even five minutes spent rapidly writing down your proposal and the fundamental thoughts of your passages will assist you with composing the exposition quicker, make your contention more grounded, and guarantee your article is better-sorted out and increasingly intelligent. A marginally increasingly point by point plot that means where you will incorporate explicit models and proof is far better on the off chance that you have time. #5: Bring Water and a Snack for the Break This may appear to be a generally unimportant tip, yet you may encounter some genuine test weariness during your AP tests. Bringing water and a nibble ideally one with a touch of protein and complex carbs, similar to a nutty spread granola bar-will assist you with remaining stimulated through the test and shield you from blurring during the free-reaction segment. A suitable tidbit. #6: Keep Up Positive Self-Talk You may hit a hindrance on test day. Perhaps you’ll see an inquiry type you weren’t very arranged for, overlook something you thought you knew all around, or be completely baffled by a free-reaction question. The significant thing if this happens is to not freeze. Keep up positive self-talk. Reveal to yourself you are doing incredible. Proceed onward to another inquiry. Regardless of whether you’re still baffled when you return around to it, continue disclosing to yourself that you’re pounding the remainder of the test. And afterward simply do as well as can be expected on the test. Key Takeaways In the event that you need to get a 5 on your AP test, the best thing you can accomplish for yourself is to become familiar with the material. Be that as it may, there is as yet a key component to taking the AP, much the same as on other state sanctioned tests. Here are my main six AP test tips: Do simple inquiries first and return to the harder ones later. Answer each question, yet just conjecture in the wake of taking out all the appropriate responses you know aren't right. Bring a watch and deal with your time cautiously! Cautiously plan out your expositions before you begin composing! (This tip doesn’t apply to those APs without expositions). Bring water and a nibble for the break! Keep up positive self-talk, regardless of whether you hit an obstacle! With these AP test tips, you’ll amplify your odds of getting the score you’re focusing on! What's Next? Need more direction on AP arrangement? See our five-advance arrangement on the most proficient method to read for AP tests. Do you need an AP test immaculate score?Read this manual for learn if it's something you ought to focus on. Taking a history AP test? See our guide on the best way to compose a top-scoring DBQ. Need to improve your SAT score by 160 or your ACT score by 4? We've composed a guide for each test about the main 5 systems you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point:

Recap SHASS Lightning Talks @ CPW

Recap SHASS Lightning Talks @ CPW Are you interested in any of: making governments work better? how to design human interactions with technical systems? the electoral consequences of international trade? universal grammar? Last April, at our Campus Preview Weekend (CPW), MIT hosted the inaugural Taste of SHASS Lightning Talks for our admitted students and parents. Nine faculty members gave five minute talks about their core research project(s), and then met new admits at a reception to discuss classes and undergraduate research opportunities. The goal of the event was to help survey the kind of work done at MITs School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, or SHASS, to people deciding whether they wanted to come to MIT. Here at MIT, we typically dont have to advertise our programs in science, engineering, business, or architecture. People associate MIT with these fields, and these fields with MIT; our co-identification with STEM is a core strength of the institutional brand and our role in the popular imaginary. But, as a graduate of MITs School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Science (scientiæ magister in Comparative Media Studies, class of 2013, whaddup), Im always excited (maybe a bit too excited) to talk about the Institutes considerable strengths in the social sciences and humanistic inquiries. SHASS courses are part of the core curriculum required of all MIT students, but at their best, theyre more than a requirement: they help fundamentally shape the way our students see the world, and, as such, the kinds of problems (and solutions!) they are able to identify. I helped plan and execute the Lightning Talks, but it was very much a collaborative effort. The faculty took invaluable time out of their busy days, and the idea/model of the talks I stole from DUSP, which conducts its own talks once or twice a year to let faculty and grad students pitch their current projects to their colleagues. So, what kinds of things to (some) SHASS faculty study and teach about here at MIT? Here are the professors who spoke at this years SHASS lightning talks, along with short summaries of what they talked about: Escape from Zombie Capitalism by Ian Condry,  Professor of Japanese Culture and Media Studies; Organizer, Dissolve Inequality Where will new jobs come from? Anthropology can help identify  new, people-centered approaches to transforming our economy and society. Ethnography gives the people a voice in reducing inequality. A Very Brief History of the Modern Future (in One Calculation) by William Deringer, Assistant Professor of  Science, Technology, and Society STS research ties together the humanities and social sciences with the rest of MIT. I’ll discuss the history of how one calculationâ€" “net present value”â€"has come to guide modern thinking about the future. The City of Rome by Will Broadhead, Associate Professor  of History; MacVicar Faculty Fellow The ancient city of Rome  rewards scholars with a wealth  of material, from dazzling and curious architectural wonders to demographic models that change how we write the history of Roman imperialism. Universal Grammar by Norvin Richards, Professor of  Linguistics What does modern linguistics mean by “Universal Grammar?” I’ll share recent linguistics research that helps us understand this aspect of the human mind. Importing Political Polarization: The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure by David Autor, Professor of Economics;  Vice Chair, Department of Economics Has rising trade integration between the U.S. and China contributed to the increasing polarization of U.S. politics? Let’s look at the data for answers. Designing Interactions by  Federico Casalegno, Associate Professor of the Practice; Director, Design Lab, Mobile Experience Lab Can emerging technologies reinvent and create connections between people, information, and places? Making Governments Work Better by Lily Tsai, Associate Professor of Political Science MIT GOV/LAB researches which programs and technologies help make governments more responsive and citizens more engaged. The Exit Zero Project: Community Storytelling by Christine Walley, Associate Professor of Anthropology; Director of Graduate Studies, HASTS MIT anthropologists conduct fieldwork around the world, from Mongolia to Belize to France. My own research explores the human impact of job loss in a former U.S. steel mill town. To be and not to be:  working with Shakespeare now by  Diana Henderson, Professor of  Literature; MacVicar Faculty Fellow Why is a 400-year-old Englishman still the most frequently produced playwright worldwide? To give  an example, I’ll discuss my own work with a performance of “The Merchant of Venice.” Unfortunately, we didnt videotape the talks this year, so I cant blog those. But we did hire  Kelvy Bird, a local artist who works with organizations to help illuminate complex processes, to live-illustrate these talks. Kelvy set up a few whiteboards in the corner of the room and drew while the speakers talked. After the talks were all over, heres what she sent me. That is my lightning overview of the lightning talks. In conclusion: SHASS is awesome and you should come to MIT and study (in) it!

Recap SHASS Lightning Talks @ CPW

Recap SHASS Lightning Talks @ CPW Are you interested in any of: making governments work better? how to design human interactions with technical systems? the electoral consequences of international trade? universal grammar? Last April, at our Campus Preview Weekend (CPW), MIT hosted the inaugural Taste of SHASS Lightning Talks for our admitted students and parents. Nine faculty members gave five minute talks about their core research project(s), and then met new admits at a reception to discuss classes and undergraduate research opportunities. The goal of the event was to help survey the kind of work done at MITs School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, or SHASS, to people deciding whether they wanted to come to MIT. Here at MIT, we typically dont have to advertise our programs in science, engineering, business, or architecture. People associate MIT with these fields, and these fields with MIT; our co-identification with STEM is a core strength of the institutional brand and our role in the popular imaginary. But, as a graduate of MITs School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Science (scientiæ magister in Comparative Media Studies, class of 2013, whaddup), Im always excited (maybe a bit too excited) to talk about the Institutes considerable strengths in the social sciences and humanistic inquiries. SHASS courses are part of the core curriculum required of all MIT students, but at their best, theyre more than a requirement: they help fundamentally shape the way our students see the world, and, as such, the kinds of problems (and solutions!) they are able to identify. I helped plan and execute the Lightning Talks, but it was very much a collaborative effort. The faculty took invaluable time out of their busy days, and the idea/model of the talks I stole from DUSP, which conducts its own talks once or twice a year to let faculty and grad students pitch their current projects to their colleagues. So, what kinds of things to (some) SHASS faculty study and teach about here at MIT? Here are the professors who spoke at this years SHASS lightning talks, along with short summaries of what they talked about: Escape from Zombie Capitalism by Ian Condry,  Professor of Japanese Culture and Media Studies; Organizer, Dissolve Inequality Where will new jobs come from? Anthropology can help identify  new, people-centered approaches to transforming our economy and society. Ethnography gives the people a voice in reducing inequality. A Very Brief History of the Modern Future (in One Calculation) by William Deringer, Assistant Professor of  Science, Technology, and Society STS research ties together the humanities and social sciences with the rest of MIT. I’ll discuss the history of how one calculationâ€" “net present value”â€"has come to guide modern thinking about the future. The City of Rome by Will Broadhead, Associate Professor  of History; MacVicar Faculty Fellow The ancient city of Rome  rewards scholars with a wealth  of material, from dazzling and curious architectural wonders to demographic models that change how we write the history of Roman imperialism. Universal Grammar by Norvin Richards, Professor of  Linguistics What does modern linguistics mean by “Universal Grammar?” I’ll share recent linguistics research that helps us understand this aspect of the human mind. Importing Political Polarization: The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure by David Autor, Professor of Economics;  Vice Chair, Department of Economics Has rising trade integration between the U.S. and China contributed to the increasing polarization of U.S. politics? Let’s look at the data for answers. Designing Interactions by  Federico Casalegno, Associate Professor of the Practice; Director, Design Lab, Mobile Experience Lab Can emerging technologies reinvent and create connections between people, information, and places? Making Governments Work Better by Lily Tsai, Associate Professor of Political Science MIT GOV/LAB researches which programs and technologies help make governments more responsive and citizens more engaged. The Exit Zero Project: Community Storytelling by Christine Walley, Associate Professor of Anthropology; Director of Graduate Studies, HASTS MIT anthropologists conduct fieldwork around the world, from Mongolia to Belize to France. My own research explores the human impact of job loss in a former U.S. steel mill town. To be and not to be:  working with Shakespeare now by  Diana Henderson, Professor of  Literature; MacVicar Faculty Fellow Why is a 400-year-old Englishman still the most frequently produced playwright worldwide? To give  an example, I’ll discuss my own work with a performance of “The Merchant of Venice.” Unfortunately, we didnt videotape the talks this year, so I cant blog those. But we did hire  Kelvy Bird, a local artist who works with organizations to help illuminate complex processes, to live-illustrate these talks. Kelvy set up a few whiteboards in the corner of the room and drew while the speakers talked. After the talks were all over, heres what she sent me. That is my lightning overview of the lightning talks. In conclusion: SHASS is awesome and you should come to MIT and study (in) it!

Undocumented Immigrants Should Be Legal Essay - 1321 Words

In the United States, some immigrants come for educational opportunities, but most of them overstay, and their visas got expired, so they became â€Å"undocumented immigrants.† Being an undocumented highly affects them financially especially in higher education. For them to pursue a college education they have to deal with a lot of problems such as lower college acceptance rates, and lack of work opportunities and for that, it’s difficult for them to pay for college. Undocumented immigrants should be able to receive financial aid, even though some people do not support them. One of the problems that undocumented immigrants have to face is the low college acceptance rates because they do not have legal documentation, such as their identification number/social security number, supporting that they are living in the state. Some states such as Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama do not accept undocumented students. For example, according to The Atlantic article â€Å"The Folly of Under-Educating the Undocumented† by Matt Vasilogambros, â€Å"all students be ‘lawfully present’ to attend schools in the University System of Georgia and that those seeking in-state tuition be ‘legally in this state.’† (Vasilogambros). All students must have legal papers to get into higher education. Otherwise, they can’t attend to college in those states. Moreover, in the journal Higher Education and Children in Immigrant Families by Sandy Baum develops the idea that only the legislators are the ones whoShow MoreRelatedUndocumented Immigrants Should Be Legal949 Words   |  4 Pageswhether undocumented immigrants should be able to get full amnesty is still a controversy. Even though illegal immigrants did make an illicit action, many see the United States as an opportunity for a better future. In addition, undocumented immigrants should be granted citizenship because it will benefit the United States. Creating an amnesty for the students will help the United States by improving the economy, create more jobs and decrease deportation. Granting citizenship to illegal immigrants willRead MoreShould Undocumented Immigrants Be Legal?1744 Words   |  7 Pagescultures, has a profound effect to level of stress an immigrant experiences in their new surroundings. These pressures become more and more apparent as an immigrant rises through the educational system. The 1982 Supreme Court decision in Plyler v. Doe guaranteed access to free public education for undocumented students. (Nguyen Martinez, 2015) The public debate that surrounds undocumented immigrants is often harsh and aggressive, predominately focusing on the economic burden on U.S. citizensRead MoreShould Undocumented Immigrants Be Deported?1196 Words   |  5 PagesShould millions of undocumented immigrants be allowed to live in the U.S without the fear of being deported and losing their families? Undocumented immigrants who move to the U.S to help give a better life to their families should not worry about being deported. Undocumented immigrants risk their lives crossing boarders, just to give their families a better life. Not all undocumented are rapists, drug traffickers or any of the other things Donald Trump has said about the undocumented immigrant.Read MoreThe Issue Of Illegal Immigration1519 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of illegal immigration. Unfortunately, some people confuse legal and illegal immigration. Legal immigrants are here legally. They have the proper, legal documents that allow them to live and work in the U.S. without complications. Illegal immigrants are defined as anyone who was born in a country other than the U.S. to parents who are not official U.S. citizens; they enter the U.S. without legal documents to prove their legal citizenship. Yet before the twentieth century, many individuals andRead MoreThe American Immigration System is Broken Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, immigration reform is enjoying an increasingly high voice among people. American immigration system is broken. Too many employers take advantage of the system by hiring undocumented workers which currently are estimated at 11 million. This is not good for the economy nor the country. Imaging a day without these undocumented workers in United States. No bus driver, farm worker, cooker, nurse, construction worker, waiter, house keeper, gardener or nanny can be found. Nobody drive bus, pick fruitRead MoreEssay on Dream Act for Dreamers1237 Words   |  5 Pagesto achieve their dreams. Some immigrants have real documents enter into the United States but some do not. Those people who do not have real documents are called illegal immigrants. Most of them made across the border enter into the United States. No matter what they are legal or illegal, all of them are here looking for a good life. Many different people from different countries come to the United States because America is a land of immigrants. Legal immigrants are properly becoming the UnitedRead MoreThe Benefits of Immigrants in the United States Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States has experienced a large number of immigrants coming over to the country within the 2000s. In recent studies, there are about 11.5 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. The undocumented immigrant population has grown 27% between 2000 to 2009. Immigrants from Mexico mak e up 59% of the undocumented immigrants in the United States. These undocumented immigrants can help the economy and country grow. These undocumented immigrants do have some downside to them, which makes peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay On Immigration Reform1636 Words   |  7 Pagesimmigration reform in favor of undocumented 11 million immigrants in the USA, as well as a road map for their legal citizenship. It has also been suggested that a sub citizenship could be an option instead of providing full citizenship for the 11 million undocumented immigrants. The debate on the immigration reform has many dimensions which are important legally, morally, socially, culturally, and politically. Giving full citizenship or denying legal status to the undocumented could have implicationsRead MoreConsidering Children Of Illegal Immigrants by Frosty Woolridge ´s Article1062 Words   |  5 PagesIn one of her editorials, Frosty Wooldridge has written about how undocumented immigrants cost taxpayers colossal sum of money annually. Wooldridge holds that these undocumented immigrants give rise to offspring who become deeply bounded or rooted to this country and they in turn cost taxpayers a huge sum of money annually. Wooldridge’s editorial is one of the controversial discussions both at the congress level and the country at large. This argument is one of those that thwart or impede the implementationRead MoreThe Debate On Immigration Reform958 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Alien Minors, or DREAM Act, brought about legal, ethical, and logistical concerns. Illegal immigration and the population unauthorized alien in the United States were key issues in the ongoing debate on immigration reform. However, the benefits of this bill outweighed its disadvantages. Immigration policies in the United States concerning undocumented workers are strict and direct. Employers are not allowed to employ illegal or undocumented immigrants. The DREAM Act which was enacted by the Obama

Martha Washington - Americas First First Lady

Dates: June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802First Lady* April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797 Occupation: First Lady* of the United States as wife of the first US President, George Washington. She also managed the estate of her first husband and, while George Washington was away, Mount Vernon. *First Lady: the term First Lady came into use many years after Martha Washingtons death and so was not used for Martha Washington during her husbands presidency or in her lifetie. Its used here in its modern sense. Also Known As: Martha Dandridge Custis Washington About Martha Washington: Martha Washington, was born Martha Dandridge in Chestnut Grove, New Kent County, Virginia. She was the eldest daughter of John Dandridge, a wealthy landowner, and his wife, Frances Jones Dandridge, both of whom came from established New England families. Marthas first husband, also a wealthy landowner, was Daniel Parke Custis. They had four children; two died in childhood. Daniel Parke Custis died on July 8, 1757, leaving Martha quite wealthy, and in charge of running the estate and household, holding both a dower portion and managing the rest during her childrens minority. George Washington Martha met the young George Washington at a cotillion in Williamsburg. She had many suitors, but married Washington on January 6, 1759. She moved that spring with her two surviving children, John Parke Custis (Jacky) and Martha Parke Custis (Patsy), to Mount Vernon, Washingtons estate. Her two children were adopted and raised by George Washington. Martha was, by all accounts, a gracious hostess who helped restore Mount Vernon from the neglect of Georges time away during the French and Indian War. Marthas daughter died in 1773 at the age of 17, after some years of suffering epileptic seizures. Wartime In 1775, when George Washington had become the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Martha traveled with her son, new daughter-in-law, and friends to stay with George at the winter army headquarters in Cambridge. Martha remained until June, returning in March of 1777 to the Morristown winter camp to nurse her husband, who was ill. In February of 1778 she rejoined her husband at Valley Forge. She is credited with helping to keep up the spirits of the troops during this gloomy period. Marthas son Jacky enlisted as an aide to his stepfather, serving briefly during the siege at Yorktown, dying after only a few days of what was called camp fever -- probably typhus. His wife was in ill health, and her youngest, Eleanor Parke Custis (Nelly) was sent to Mount Vernon to be nursed; her last baby, George Washington Parke Custis was also sent to Mount Vernon. These two children were raised by Martha and George Washington even after their mother remarried a doctor in Alexandria. On Christmas Eve, 1783, George Washington arrived back at Mount Vernon from the Revolutionary War, and Martha resumed her role as hostess. First Lady Martha Washington did not enjoy her time (1789-1797) as First Lady (the term was not then used) though she played her role as hostess with dignity. She had not supported her husbands candidacy for the presidency, and she would not attend his inauguration. The first temporary seat of government was in New York City, where Martha presided over weekly receptions. The seat of government  was later moved to Philadelphia where the Washingtons lived except for a return to Mount Vernon when a yellow fever epidemic swept Philadelphia. After the Presidency After the Washingtons returned to Mount Vernon, their granddaughter Nelly married Georges nephew, Lawrence Lewis. Nellys first child, Frances Parke Lewis, was born at Mount Vernon. Less than three weeks later, George Washington died, December 14, 1799, after suffering a severe cold. Martha moved out of their bedroom and into a third floor garret room and lived in seclusion, seen only by a few of the remaining slaves and Nelly and her family. Martha Washington burned all but two of the letters she and her husband had exchanged. Martha Washington lived until May 22, 1802. George had freed half the slaves of Mount Vernon, and Martha freed the rest. Martha Washington is buried with her husband in a tomb at Mount Vernon. Legacy George Washington Parke Custis daughter, Mary Custis Lee, married Robert E. Lee. A part of the Custis estate which had passed through George Washington Parke Custis to his son-in-law was confiscated by the federal government during the Civil War, though the United States Supreme Court eventually found that the government had to reimburse the family. That land is now known as Arlington National Cemetery. When a ship was named the USS Lady Washington in 1776, it became the first US military ship to be named for a woman and was the only ship the Continental Navy named for a woman. In 1901, Martha Washington became the first woman whose image was depicted on a US postage stamp.

Ethical Issues Within The Business Industry Essay

To what extent does it mean to be fully ethical in business without any controversy or discrimination? What are the main issues that most employees must address and confront to make for a better business or workforce? What are the common ethical pressures that are being faced in the business industry and how might we be able to address and overcome not only in the current businesses that we work in but the entire world? We may never know because there are two sides to each story the good or the bad and the right from the wrong. We must all just be honest with ourselves and aim for justice. Each person may have their own different opinion and or viewing, causing ethics to be a moral value to what feels right. It seems that every day in the news or hearing from our friends or loved ones, that there are some new issues that start to rise no matter what position they are in. However, there are many ethical issues in business. The top 5 ethical issues in business are discrimination, accou nting, employee theft, abusive behavior, and misusing company time. One of the most important factors in the workforce today inequality which is an ethical issue is known as discrimination. Research, that was conducted by the National Conference for Community and Justice, approximated that 70 percent of Americans accept racism issues in the workplace. Based on a test stating some of these issues are formed by bad or uncomfortable feelings at work, as well as reduced productivity. Other forms ofShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics: Case Studies1238 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Business Ethics Table of Contents Case 1: Monsanto Attempts to Balance Stakeholder Interests. 3 Case 3: Wal-Mart: The Future is Sustainability. 4 Case 6: AIG: Coping with financial and ethical risks. 4 Case 7: Microsoft Manages Legal and Ethical Issues. 5 Case 1: Monsanto Attempts to Balance Stakeholder Interests. Monsanto is a world renowned organization dealing in agriculture products. The seeds produced by the business are genetically modified. The genetically modified agriculturalRead MoreLegal Ethical and Regulatory Issues1479 Words   |  6 PagesLegal, Ethical Regulatory Issues The online banking industry is a growing and a continually evolving business. This paper will identify and describes the legal, ethical, and regulatory issues that impact online banking the Websites. Business ethics examines ethical rules and principles within a commercial context involved in e-commerce are faced with the same if not more legal issues as any other business; these issues include, but are not limited to jurisdiction, contract, and legitimacyRead MoreThe Ethical And Moral Nature Of Products And Services917 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world of business may have noticed constant changes within industry along with increasing complex factors stemming from the altering dynamics of the society and culture. As a result, managers and stakeholders have to apply sophisticated quantitative and qualitative methods in trying to conjure up a business model that will incorporate all variables and lead to the best possible outcomes for sustainability and growth in a given sector. S ome of the emerging issues relate to the ethical and moral natureRead MoreThe Driving Force Behind A Company s Financial Success Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagescreating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers† (Kotler Keller, 2012). Since marketing plays such a vital role in a business success, marketing manager and the company they represents has a fiduciary responsibility to consumers. Thus marketing managers has not only a moral but also an ethical responsibility to consumer, stakeholders and the company they represents. In simple layman’s term, ethics is a concept of what is wrong and right. For marketers,Read MoreThe Role Of Business Ethics Within A Community Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagescontingent on the community’s view and opinions of the issues at hand. As time passes, the community will evolve and the popular interpretation of an issue will influence the acceptance of behavior by the community at large and, in a business setting, it is no different. Business leaders must adhere to accepted cultural and community code of conduct in order be accepted as contributing members of the community. In analyzing the role of business ethics within a community, Joseph Betz (1998) wrote: To liveRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Social Code Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Business ethics is a form of ethics which is applied in the field of business and it deals with the ethical issues and principles arising in a business background. In short business ethics means to carry on business for the human welfare and the benefit of the society. Business ethics is the study of business situations, activities and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed (Trevino.,1986)†. 1. Nature of Business ethics: The following are the features of business ethics:Read MoreIndividual Rights and the Business Organization1543 Words   |  6 PagesIndividual Rights and the Business Organization Individual Rights and the Business Organization Introduction In todays highly uncertain business environment, businesses and individuals face a number of ethical issues which arise due to different internal and external environmental factors and impact the individuals within and outside the organizations. The ethical issues which negatively impact the privacy, morale, and societal values of individuals include fraudulent business practices and unethicalRead MoreSubmission to Local Network1039 Words   |  5 PagesPrinciple one requires that business should respect human rights including those in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. And businesses are asked to do something to undertake more environmental responsibility under principle eight. â€Å"As an established industry leader in the areas of human rights and ethical business†(see Embedding Human rights in Business Practice iii), we believe Cadbury has a ground to say in these respects. We quite agree with the business practices suggested by the GlobalRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting Mcdonalds1468 Words   |  6 Pagesin the fast food industry, a very complex environment is created for McDonald’s. There are various internal and external environmental factors affecting the functions of McDonald’s corporation and demands for new innovations. The factors are as follows: Internal Factors: Internal factors are the factors within the company, which affects the success and operation of business. The company can control these factors. Effective internal management is the key to the successful business. 1. Employees:Read MoreMartin Marietta Case Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Marietta: Managing Corporate Ethics (A) In an industry  overwhelmed with fraud and corruption, Martin  Marietta was ready to revamp their reputation to become an ethical company. This concept  catapulted a decade of creating, developing, and tweaking an ethics program. Martin Mariettas goal was to maintain a work place with descent people doing quality work (page 1). But with this idea came a series of difficult  challenges the company needed to overcome. Martin Marietta  arose to the  challenge

Barbarians Essay Example For Students

Barbarians Essay BarbariansThe term Barbarian is Greek in origin. The Greeks originally levied it at any races who were not of a Greek origin; especially those who threatened Greek civilization and culture. Because most of these strangers regularly assaulted Greek cities, the term barbarian gradually evolved into a rude term: a person who was a sub-human, uncivilized, and regularly practiced the most vile and inhuman acts imaginable. It is obvious that a barbarian has not been considered as a member of society as well as a woman in Ancient Greece. In many Greek tragedies that we have read women either play a secondary role or absent at all. That is why it is so unusual to read a tragedy where woman is a main character and not only that a woman is a foreigner, a barbarian. Euripidess Medea was created in a period of Peloponesian War. Each war, regardless of the century it occurred, not only destroyed and killed but also caused the reappraisal of the values in the society. Literature, in Ancient Greece , used to be a main reflection of what the society thinks what values and rules it has and what impact the war had on peoples minds. Obviously, the Peloponesian War has brought a lot of stress and chaos into the society, so during this time some poets have foreseen the intellectual revolution. Euripides, however, was the first one who created the play where he opposed a barbarian to someone civilized; he has his Medea confront Jason. The civilized Jason is more barbaric in his emotional callousness than the barbarian Medea, but by the end of the play she exacts a barbaric penalty. The Nurse calls Medea a strange woman. She is anything but typical. Euripides admits from the outset that this is a bizarre tale of an exceptional human being. Lest she may sharpen a sword an thrust to the heart, Stealing into the palace where the bed is made, Or even kill the king and the new-wedded groom, And thus bring a greater misfortune on herself. Two great pains tear Medea: the betrayal of Jason an d her betrayal of her country and family (and consequent exile). The two are interwoven and double her sorrow. Guilt, loneliness, rejection, love, all war within her. Ah, I have suffered What should be wept for bitterly. I hate you, Children of a hateful mother. I curse you And your father. Let the whole house crash. Of course Medea is barbarian, she came from a different country, she is violent and everyone knows that she posses the unique and in somewhat supernatural power that can make people to do things her way. These characteristics correspond to the definition of barbarian in the Ancient Greece. On the other hand, we realize that the part of her power is her intellect, which is not barbarians own distinctive feature. People, including the king, are afraid of Medea. Kreon: I am afraid of you, why should I dissemble it? I believe their fear is based not only on the fact that she has a great passion and able to do something terrible, but also on the fact that people start to r ealize that a barbarian is a human who can think, who has emotions and feelings and, moreover, who can take control over them. Another factor that scares people is her being a.. woman. In Ancient Greece women had not had a political power; their voices have never been heard. Medeas voice is not only can be heard, but also her speeches are manipulative. She is able to use any rhetoric speech that appeals to the emotions of the people. Medea provokes a passion in them in response to her own. Kreon: You are a clever woman, versed in evil arts, And are angry at having lost your husbands love. Medea is smart, she is greatly aware of being a foreigner and the Corinthians seem to echo that awareness; she understands why she is not welcomed in the society, she realizes that she has to leave, but her emotional pain makes her to do unthinkable. Pain is often the source of anger and then violence. That progression is one of Euripides main themes. Great peoples tempers are terrible. The greatne ss of the temper is one measure of the greatness of the person who is angry. Medeas passion causes human tragedy. Medea also understands that her passion and anger is based on the betrayal. Jason did not keep his word, he has broken the oath and this was unacceptable for Medea. At the same time, she realizes that in the Greek society people are more materialistic and ideas of love and faithfulness are seem to be barbaric and silly. Jason: Change your ideas of what you want, and show more sense. Medeas primitive passion is pitted against the civilized demands of a Jason. He is empty inside, he has no emotions, no passion; the only thing that he has is the desire. The desire to stabilize his political position. He used Medea for his own good: she helped him to escape and to survive. Right now it is the time for Jason to move on with his life; he doesnt need Medea any more. Moreover, in some way he thinks he helped Medea and she should be thankful for that. Jason: In so far as you help ed me, you did well enough. But on this question of saving me, I can prove You have certainly got from me more than you gave. Jason, as he thinks, lives by the law instead of the sweet will of force. But what is the law? Who has it been written for? In Ancient Greece all the laws were written for the men, who used to have the political power. Jason is a perfect example of a representative of this society. He even admits, that women are the unnecessary creatures. They are needed only for producing children. Jason: It would be better far for men To have got their children in some other way, and women Not to have existed. Then life would have been good . Medea wants to make Jason suffer by making him listen, but for Jason her argument is invalid. I think Medea is trying to prove that the society, in which money and ones political position are two things that matter, will not have any future. There are some other things, such as love, dedication and ability to keep your word, that are n eeded in the society for its success. In this sense Medeas ideas are more civilized than Jasons emotionless and a blind desire for a power. As I mentioned earlier, these Medeas ideas are not valid in the Greek society, so she plays her barbaric game until the very end of the play. Lessons are learned and tables are turned. The oppressor cannot oppress forever. .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 , .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .postImageUrl , .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 , .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:hover , .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:visited , .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:active { border:0!important; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:active , .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589 .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u22f872efe944bf650794884a09911589:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Steinbeck's East of Eden - Religious Referenc Essay

Hester Prynne Essays - English-language Films, The Scarlet Letter

Hester Prynne The character of Hester Prynne changed significantly throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an extreme sinner; she has gone against the Puritan ways, committing adultery. For this irrevocably harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her life. However, the Romantic philosophies of Hawthorne put down the Puritanic beliefs. She is a beautiful, young woman who has sinned, but is forgiven. Hawthorne portrays Hester as "divine maternity" and she can do no wrong. Not only Hester, but the physical scarlet letter, a Puritanical sign of disownment, is shown through the author's tone and diction as a beautiful, gold and colorful piece. From the beginning, we see that Hester Prynne is a young and beautiful woman who has brought a child into the world with an unknown father. She is punished by Puritan society by wearing the scarlet letter A on the bosom of her dress and standing on the scaffold for three hours. Her hair is a glossy brown and her eyes deep-set, and black, her attire is rich, carefully caressing her slender figure. The scaffold is a painful task to bear; the townspeople gathered around to gossip and stare at Hester and her newborn child, whom she suitably named Pearl, named because of her extreme value to her mother. In the disorder of faces in the crowd, young Hester Prynne sees the face of a man she once was fiercely familiar with, whom we later learn is her true husband, Roger Chillingworth. Her subjection to the crowd of Puritan onlookers is excruciating to bear, and Hester holds the child to her heart, a symbolic comparison between the child and the scarlet letter, implying that they are truly both intertwined. Prynne is imprisoned with her child, both of whom are emotionally and physically exhausted from the punishment at the scaffold. The husband, Roger Chillingworth, passes by and is commissioned to be the physician to the two, and remedy them of their sicknesses. She is surprised he had come at such a time where she was at a point of such horrendous turmoil. He demands that she cannot reveal his identity, yet he also wishes to know the identity of her lover, the father of the child. She refuses to tell him. Later in the novel, we discover that Arthur Dimmesdale is the confidential lover. Hester is released from her cell, after which she resides for the next few years in a hut by the sea. Her child, Pearl, is a devilish, impish, terribly behaved child, that is indifferent to the strict Puritan society. Pearl is a pain to please, having her way all the time because of her mother?s failure to subdue her to the proper Puritan etiquette. Hester knits and weaves for the townspeople, except for weddings, which people believe would cause misfortune and unrest in their marriage. They knew that the Seventh Commandment was thou shalt not commit adultery? and they stuck by those rules. The Puritans were truly a people governed by God. The novel explains that the Governors repeatedly attempt to take the child away from Hester, as she has been deemed unfit to raise the child without the influence of genuine Puritan law and order. These attempts are failed, for Arthur Dimmesdale, the father and minister of Hester Prynne, insists that the child is a bond, a necessity of the young woman who has nothing if she does not have the child. Another influence upon Hester is Mistress Ann Hibbens, who is reputed to be a witch throughout the community. When Hibbens asks Hester to join her in the forest at night to sign the Black Man?s book with her own blood, she insists that she cannot, but if her little Pearl would be taken away, she would gladly join the ?witch-lady? in the forest that night, and sign the great book in her own blood! Pearl continuously mocks authority in the novel, a key characteristic of the imp-child?s demeanor. She asks stupid questions that she already knows the answer to, like, ?Mother, did you ever sign the black man?s book?, and, Why does the minister Dimmesdale hold

What Does Your Handshake Say About You

What Does Your Handshake Say About You We all think we have a killer handshake. And we’ve all shaken a few hands that left us feeling†¦ less than impressed. Find out if any of these subpar shakes apply to you. The Cold FishThe worst handshake is the limp handshake. It makes everybody squeamish. If you’re not squeezing or shaking, but merely laying your hand (or worse, just your fingers!) into someone else’s, then it might be time for remedial work.The Wet FishRegardless of the limpness factor, if your hand is sweaty or clammy, you don’t stand a chance of making a good first impression. Clamminess implies that you are nervous- or worse, ill- or just generally moist. If sweating is a problem for you, try using a bit of talc after you wash your hands to keep them dry.The PrincessYou know who you are. You lay your fingers daintily into someone else’s waiting grip, but nothing further. Unless you’re actually royalty, this is sending all the wrong signals. Man up and shake hands!Th e Knuckle CrusherYou also know who you are. You enjoy watching people flinch as you shock and awe them with your grip and grasp. If you’re not aware of your own strength, ask yourself: does your handshake make people’s eyes water? Can you feel their rings crushing their fingers? If so, go a little gentler.The CreeperIndustry standard is grab, shake three times, release. If you’re lingering any longer than the time it takes to pump your interviewer’s hand a couple of times, then you’re lingering too long. Save the tender contact for the dinner table with your sweetheart and get back to business.The Two-HanderThis is for family on occasions such as funerals and weddings and reunions. Or for your Great Aunt Rita. Or for politicians and priests. It’s not for you. And certainly not for the office. Stick to the basics!We make our first impression in just over five minutes; that’s not a lot of time. Don’t spoil it with a bad handshake .Instead, follow the golden rule: warm, friendly, confident, and dry. Make sure to touch the web of your hand (between your thumb and index finger) to theirs, grip comfortably and firmly (not too firmly!), shake three times (but not religiously!), let go, and smile your surest smile.

Lecture Synthesis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lecture Synthesis - Coursework Example This understanding is the central focus of the lecture. Managers in the global environment have to understand the diversity that characterizes both domestic and international markets. The lecture provides relevant information that allows managers and employees in the global environment to understand why business settings vary from one country to another. At a personal level, the lecture is important is important because it brings together different concepts that aid in the understanding of global business operations. For example, the lecture presents cultural differences as a critical factor in business. Cultural variations may not seem that important, but a business enterprise that fails to acknowledge cultural diversity faces a key operational challenge across the globe. In addition, the lecture sheds important insights about entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and global economic progress are essentially intertwined, this highlights resonates with my personal drive, goal, and desire to own and operate a successful international enterprise. In this respect, this lecture focuses on central ideas and concepts that I find relevant and informative at a personal level. Additionally, the lecture outlines how the global business environment functions. From the operations of World Trade Organization to the actualization of agreements that promote free trade in America and beyond, such information shows just how complex yet successful global business has become. By understanding global business environment, I find it easy to comprehend the diversity and dynamism of the global political economy. As the lecture maintains, understanding the global environment is critical to the success of today’s management practices. Managing in a global environment is both interesting and challenging. For example, minimum wage continues to elicit mixed reactions in North America today. While some business enterprises in America support the move to increase minimum

Crisis Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Crisis Management - Assignment Example The assignment "Crisis Management" talks about the project management, a characteristic of a certain allure of people who may shun routine and adopt workplace styles and practices such as work-a-day lifestyles. Project managers associated production of unique outputs with many uncertainties.t’s path that defines the timeframe for implementing the projecting.Roux-Dufort suggests that crises show signs of being inevitable in projects. For this reason, project managers in organizations that participate in projects often must understand different approaches that address crises effectively. Failure to address the incidents or situations characteristic of such crises might reduce or at times raise uncertainties regarding the success of the project. These crises are the focus of this discussion. Specifically, the purpose of this discussion is to define the different characteristics of crisis management in the context of a project by comparing and contrasting risk management with cris is management. To Berg, risk management is a process that encompasses the integration of risk recognition and assessment of these risks, development of strategies to manage the risks, and the mitigation of the inherent risks by utilizing managerial resources. Hillson and Simon define risks as uncertain conditions or events that, if they occur, have either negative or positive effects on the objectives of a project. Over the decades, particular risk management practices have been designed for certain environments.

The Role Of Social Media In Public Relations

The Role Of Social Media In Public Relations Technology in this age is putting a spin on how an organization establishes and cultivates an ongoing mutually beneficial relationship with its publics. Social media is an evolving, ever present catalyst in the communication realm of public relations. Public Relations in its earliest years, the era of Antiquity, acknowledged the importance of public opinion, but their scope was limited to an arms reach of their publics. Social media has become both a window and a bridge to the public relations practitioners, by enabling them to interconnect the internal objectives of the organization with the constant changing externalities. In the arena of public relations, an array of hats is essential to effectively carry the overall message of an organization into a stage of visible outcome. An organizations public relations department amongst many other tasks must build awareness, research and analyze public attitudes and perceptions, strategize, and implement crisis plans. Social media provides a way for organizations to do these things on a scale not known in earlier times when messages had to first bypass the filter of the media gatekeepers. As stated by Rupert Murdoch, Technology is shifting the power away from the editors, the publishers, the establishment, and the media elite. Now its the people who are in control (p. 1). Social media as defined by Wikipedia is an umbrella term for the various activities that integrate technology, and social interaction (p. 1). This includes internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, wikis, podcasts, pictures, and videos. Forrester, The Growth of Social Technology Adoption estimated in 2008, that 3 out of 4 Americans use social technology. It is this type of growth that makes it an inevitable, essential tool in creating a survivable existence. In the world of public relations, building awareness and brand reputation are cohesive. Social media is not only being used for its direct to audience approach, but also as an effective generator of media relations. Both awareness and reputation come on the tail of an organizations integrity. In order for an organization to build a positive reputation, it must nurture relationships. It is not science that viable relationships come from a foundation of trust. The trust that social media provides is authenticated by the fact that it allows for the relationship to be carried out in a two-way process. This type of communication permits an organization to truly listen to their publics needs and opinions, giving the organization an open opportunity to be actively responsive. Before social media, the standard press release into traditional industrial media was a shot in the dark towards reaching the true potential of interest. It is important to understand the many different branches to which an organization may utilize in building awareness and how. Through internet forums or social networking sites, such as MySpace, Facebook, and LinkedIn, to name a few, as well as blogs, make an organization able to centralize their audience. Instead of talking at the masses, they are able to talk with a selected tuned in, interested community. It is in these communities where a considerable buzz of web chatter stirred, enters the web world and reaches the eyes and mouths of influential mediums that were otherwise unlikely to be reached by just any Joe before. In social media, ideas can spread like a wild fire, through an effect called push and pull. According to Oden 2009, in the push aspect there is instigation of a new concept in social media situations, providing useful information and provoking discussions about it (p. 2). This creates an influence of pull which is the drive of traffic from people searching for more information. A common threaded resource between the push and pull theory is what is called Really Simple Syndication (RSS). RSS is a jeweled technology in the search and sift element of both public and media relations. On the side of the public relations, RSS is useful in recognizing content analysis, by keywords or concept references. This type of insight gives public relations a heads up into their competition and identifies their own strengths and weaknesses accordingly. On the side of media relations, journalists are able to receive content that is in relevance to their interests or beat. The research that takes place within the public relations department is essentially the bones of the overall success of an organization. It is a stage that is unending, and social media provides a platform for which information is delivered in real time format. Another dynamic of research affected by social media is the scale upon which surveys are able to be given. Not only do social media make it possible for samples to be gained on a global level, through certain software, presentations are part of digital exhibits and interactive sites record message resonation. Although, some may view this open door to the world mentality overwhelming, it is a way for an organization to see where their message may penetrate beyond their eyes conception. After the research, an organization must take all those pieces of information to organize, strategize, and implement into a plan. In the text Using Public Relations Research by Glen Broom and David Dozier (2009) Strategic planning is deciding where you want to be in the future and how to get there. It sets the organizations direction proactively, avoiding drift and routine repetition of activities. The quality of content is a core value in success, so developing a strategy that engages people is important. When formulating a strategy through social media the five Ws serve as an outline. Who are you trying to reach? What are you trying to accomplish? Where are these people online? When and how is the best time to reach them? Why will they care about what you have to say? In order to create a credible presence, the content must be consistent. Tactics that reinforce the strategy of an organizations power in the clutter of information is redundancy. Using multiple communication channels within social media, such as blogs and podcasts, fights entropy. Also, increasing the channels a message is delivered optimizes the search engine visibility. It is through search engine optimization that an organization leaves its footprints in the virtual world. However, these virtual footprints can have adverse affects in the light of a crisis. A constant flow of information circulating can lead to misinformation, and in turn misunderstanding (McLintic 2009). A good crisis management plan must involve actively monitoring the web for any content that could be damaging to the organizations image and reputation. Social media gives organizations a way to be transparent in their management. With a constant flow of communication between an organization and its public, it is much easier to indentify and diffuse a small problem that couldve escalated to a bigger one (Hall 2009). As with any situation, it is ideal to be proactive rather than reactive in nature. There are certain methods of preparation that can greatly change the outcome of a crisis. Through anticipation, an organization can take a front line approach to crisis planning. One way that a crisis can be redirected, is by the purchase of generic crisis terms that ensure search engine positioning of the public to landing pages set in place to address issues, before they link to others that could possibly reinforce negativity. Before venturing off deep into the social media dimension, it is a good idea to benchmark the current position of the organization, so that there is a clear start of measure on the ROI. A few simple markers Chris Lake suggests in his article 10 Ways to Measure Social Media Success would be to make a note of the obvious numbers, (facebook fans, twitter followers, dig links, etc). Make a note of the less obvious benchmarks, (SEO rankings, customer satisfaction scores). Make a note of ROI benchmarks, such as how much is being paid to acquire customers via other marketing channels. However, reality is, social media humanizes a process that was once broken down so analytically. In order to measure the success of social media, you must come to the realization that there is no true assessment by which impact can be calculated. Although, it should not go without saying that it stands as an effective means to communicate to millions, far below the cost of any other form of media. The relationship it assists in building is priceless, and retention is a pretty effective bottom line tool of evaluation. In every new media there has been resistance to change. As a product of generation Y, I have been witness to the crossover over in media convergence, and I see a world of possibilities as it evolves. In the world of PR, I feel social media is an undeniable asset to an organizations ability to connect in ways that attributes to immeasurable value in what they strive to represent and stand for. Social media is a hub to the PR obligations. To underestimate its power to redefine and shift the foundation, by which PR once stood upon as news beggars, is to remain oblivious to the treasure bestowed at our fingertips.

Milgram’s Destructive Obedience Essays -- Psychology

Stanley Milgram was a social psychologist best known for an experiment he did regarding destructive obedience (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2011). According to McLeod, Milgram had originally set out to prove that Germans were somehow more obedient than Americans. This was a short while after WWII had finished and the horrors committed by the Nazis under Hitler’s authority had been learned. His experimental results were contradictory to the results predicted by fellow psychiatrists, college students and some adults of various occupations. They had predicted that very few people would obey an order that would harm another person; however, the actual results proved quite the opposite. Instead of proving that German’s were more obedient, Milgram opened the door to the possibility that anyone is capable of carrying out orders that would harm another person (2007). Douglas Navarick expanded on the experiment’s results and derived a three-stage model for defiance and withdrawal (2012). After comparing the three sources on the previously mentioned topic, it is my belief that the peer reviewed journal (Navarick, 2012) is the most credible. Its credibility is largely accredited to the established requirements of publication in the journal it is found in. Hockenbury and Hockenbury summarized Milgram’s experiments as simply as they could. The test subject was led to believe that the second participant was as uniformed as they were and that their roles in the experiment were chosen at random. They were told that the experiment was about learning and memory and the effect punishment has on them. The test subject was given the role of â€Å"teacher† and the other participant given the role of â€Å"learner† seemingly at random. The second partici... ... it means avoiding personal discomfort. A source is considered credible if it is accepted by general consensus of the experts of the field it concerns. It should also show the scientific facts that support it. A standalone source that does not show any form of reference to other psychologists that agree with or support his/her theory would not be considered as credible. Works Cited Hockenbury, D., & Hockenbury, S. (2011). Discovering Psychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Obedience in Psychology. Retrieved 25 March 2012, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/obedience.html Navarick, D. J. (2012). Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm: Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101. Psychological Record, 62(1), 133-154.

Current Research in Astronomy Essay

For many astronomers, Adaptive Optics is something like a dream coming true. Since 1609 and the first observations of celestial bodies performed with the help of an optical telescope, astronomers have always fought to improve the resolving power of their instruments. For a long time, engineers have trimmed the optical quality of the telescopes, until they finally reached the barrier set by the atmospheric turbulence. At that point, the intrinsic quality of the site became a major issue to establish new observatories with modern telescopes, and astronomers started to desert the urban skies and to migrate toward mountains and deserts (Alloin and Mariotti 2004 9). The recent emergence Adaptive optics aims at providing diffraction limited long exposure images at large telescopes, which is greatly considered as one of astronomy’s breakthrough (Alloin and Mariotti 2004 9; Espinosa 1997 12). By far, the largest limitation to the application of adaptive optics to astronomy is very limited sky coverage when using natural guide stars for wavefront sensing. Similar limitations existed for many military applications of adaptive optics (Espinosa 1997 12). Adaptive optics systems provide a real time correction of the distorted wavefronts; they restore all the properties of light prior to the final part of its travel through the atmosphere (Alloin and Mariotti 2004 9). Discussion Adaptive Optics: Wavefront and Laser Guide Star (LGS) Adaptive optic systems for atmospheric turbulence compensation require a reference star for correcting wavefront distortion. The sodium LGS relies on resonant backscattering of a laser tuned into the D2 sodium absorption line to provide a reference, but LGS must sufficiently bright to correct high order wavefront aberration (Zamorano, Gorgas and Gallego 2001 317). The key concept in adaptive optics is the wave front, which is found by tracing out an equal optical path (distance x refractive index) from a source to the region of interest. For a point source and free space, wavefronts are spherical, and for starlight, the distance is so large that for all practical purposes the wavefronts entering the Earth’s atmosphere are plane. After propagating through the random refractive index of the atmosphere, the wavefront entering the telescope pupil is random, and its statistics determine the image quality, and govern how an adaptive optical system might be used to compensate for the distortion (Agerorges 2000 4). Such effect greatly depends on the laser lunch power, polarization’s beam, atmospheric transmission and the sodium column density, which, if obtained appropriately, might even enhance the imagery, increase the scope of telescopic observatory, and improve the image details of pictures obtained from astronomical studies (Zamorano, Gorgas and Gallego 2001 317). The use of LGS AO has caught on quickly within the astronomical community in large part because, equipped with adaptive optics operating at the diffraction limit in the near-infrared, the new 6- to 10-m telescopes possess the capability to match the angular resolution in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the visible and to exceed its resolution in the near infrared (Rodier 256). Laser Guide Star LGS, basically, is a technology that utilizes AO imaging in order to enhance graphical imagery of telescopes and view astronomical images with additional quality. The technology uses an artificial star in order to act as a wavefront reference source, which consequently corrects light distortion (Zamorano, Gorgas and Gallego 2001 317). The need for a bright stellar was always a concern for astronomical applications of adaptive optics. To operate, a wavefront sensor must have sufficient light to overcome photon noise and background noise with enough light left over to form the image. In astronomy, few stars of scientific interest are sufficiently bright. For imaging uncooperative satellites, reflected light is often too dim or nonexistent. In 1985, French astronomers Foy and Labeyrie published work detailing how one might use backscatter from a laser focused to a point in the atmosphere as an artificial beacon (a guide star) for astronomical adaptive optics. As work progressed in the astronomy community to build and test a laser powerful enough to have sufficient backscatter for the Foy-Labeyrie method (Tyson 2000 5). Since the beginning of the 1980s, classified U. S military work was addressing the problems of projecting high-energy laser beams from the ground to space for missile defense and secure communications. The research from 1982 at the U. S Air Force Starfire Optical Range (USAFSOR) directed by Robert Fugate advanced the laser guide star concept and produced a wealth information about laser performance requirements, adaptive optics system operation, atmospheric physics, and closed loop image of space borne objects. By 1991, the bulk of military work on laser guide starts was declassified and made available to astronomers around the world (Tyson 2000 5). Currently, LGS is being developed by various nations, setting up their own laser beacon and extensively enhancing research through the said technology. The use of a laser beacon as the reference source enables faint objects to be compensated by adaptive optics, at the expense of greater hardware complexity. The laser beacon must be directed within the isoplanatic angle of the science object at the observation wavelength; although, this procedure provide only short-exposure correction. On the other hand, a fixed natural guide star possesses the ability to further stabilized the image during long exposures so that sky coverage depends on the distribution of stars, which consequently enhances the space imagery (Hardy 1998 309). There are many cases where the object itself, such as a sunlit satellite, is insufficient for wavefront sensing. In astronomy, there are billions of stellar objects too dim for sensing and not near enough in the sky to bright objects. For high-energy laser propagation to uncooperative targets or satellite tracking and imaging, an artificial source must be placed above the atmosphere to provide photons for the wavefront sensor and subsequent compensation. Lasers actually provide only partial correction, because a natural star still is required and opposite tilt upon traveling up into the atmosphere and returning (Tyson 2000 6-7). Particularly exciting development is the use of adaptive telescope mirrors to compensate for the distortion of stellar images produced by atmospheric turbulence. Using adaptive optics, ground-based telescopes are now demonstrating diffraction-limited performance, albeit over relatively small fields of view. It can be expected that large ground-based telescopes will have higher resolution and light-gathering power than space-based telescopes, since both of these performance metrics depend on aperture size. Moreover, ground-based telescopes can be larger than those space-based ones; hence, enabling higher development and scope for stellar imagery. The adaptive optical system of LGS displays 0. 07-arcsecond resolution, which is almost a hundred times better than past ground-based telescope systems but uses a telescope built approximately 80 years ago (national Research Council 1998 137-138). Conclusion LGS AO is one of the breakthroughs of current astronomical imagery, which provides enhanced images and display features that are usually not present in the space-based telescopes, such as HCT. The mechanism involved utilizes a guide star or an artificial star that facilitates the graphical imagery. LGS works as distortion corrector enabling enhanced imaging through AO ground-based telescopes. Conclusion Ageorges, N. Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics for Astronomy. Springer, 2000. Alloin, Danielle M. , and Jean-Marie Mariotti. Adaptive Optics for Astronomy. Springer, 2004. Espinosa, Jose. Instrumentation for Large Telescopes. Cambridge University Press, 1997. Flectcher, L. † Solid State Laser for Subaru Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics. † Subaru Telescope. 6 July 2005. 8 Jan. 2008 . Flectcher, L. Observational Methods. 14 Feb. 2005. 8 Jan. 2008 . Hardy, John W. Adaptive Optics for Astronomical Telescopes. Oxford University Press, 1998. National Research Council (U. S. ), . Harnessing Light: Optical Science and Engineering for the 21st Century. National Academies Press, 1998. Roddier, Francois . Adaptive Optics in Astronomy. Cambridge University Press, 1999. Tyson, Robert K. Adaptive Optics Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, 2000. Zamorano, Jaime, Javier Gorgas, and Jesus Gallego. Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics II. Springer, 2001.

The necessity of corporate governance systems - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1792 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Corporate governance is a necessary, important and comprehensive overview of what corporate and their directors must do in order to bring the largest benefit for the corporate as it include the structures, processes, culture and systems that engender the successful of the organization. It concerns the relationships among the Board of Director, the management team, the shareholders and stakeholders. As time passes, good corporate governance is a compulsory requirement in todays corporate world by every stakeholder groups as it has become an important key for a corporate to success. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The necessity of corporate governance systems" essay for you Create order Lacking of efficiency in corporate governance may cause the corporate to collapse. While, by having good corporate governance it may help to reduce the risk of corporate collapse happen, enhance the performance of the corporations yet it creates an environment that motive the manager to maximize the return on investment. Besides, it also helps to ensure long term productivity grows and increase the investor confidence. Therefore, transparency and accountability are the most important element in order to have good corporate governance. This is because it would help the organization to have a clear and creditable decision making. However, there are various theory have affected while developing the corporate governance. The main theories that are greatly influence the corporate governance concept and reformation is the agency theory, transaction cost and stakeholder theory. 2.0 AGENCY THEORY Agency theory is defined as the relationship between the principals, such as shareholders and agents such as the company executives and managers (Abdullah.H, 2009). This theory is usually being use to examine the relationship between the principle and agent in order to determine how the agent (director or managers) archive to maximize the return to shareholders, while at the same time the managers/ director himself/herself does not own the share. However, this theory may not be practical for the director or managers when manage the corporate in real life. This is because; suppose that the director being appointed by the principle is being expected to act and make decisions in the best of principals interest and full fill all the their needs. However, the director/managers has his/her own objective too, as they might not be working in the best interest or act partially in the best interest of principle. They might be misuse his/her power and committing moral hazards such as shirking duties to enjoy leisure merely to maximize their personal wealth, benefits, self-interest and reputation as they do now own the share of the corporate. Besides, conflict may be occurring between the agent and principle due to different interest being focus. The agent being appointed as director might be only focusing on short term benefit which may bring benefit himself/herself the most, while at the same time the shareholders are more focusing on long term benefit which may bring best interest to the company. Enron scandal is a real life that show that the managements goals conflict with those shareholders. In this case, the auditor manipulated the financial arrangements among themselves by using the special purpose entities (SPEs) transferred fund to some of the Enrons director and conceal the large loses that Enron is facing. Ultimately, announced bankrupted and leaving Enron shareholders without anything. However, the agency problem can never be perfectly solved due to diver gent behavior of manager but in order to predict such problem happen again, agency theory suggests that a system needs to be carry out in order ensure that the agents are working on the best interest of the principle that they are representing. Jensen (1983) suggested that the principal-agent risk-bearing mechanism must design efficiently and must be monitor though the nexus of organizations and contract. Besides, from Enron case it also highlighted that there is a need to set up an independent non-executive director to monitor the action of executive director in order to ensure that the director is working on the best interest of the shareholder. In short, agency theory has greatly influence the reformation if corporate governance as it is an important set of propositions in the organizational economic discipline so that the employees are responsible for their task or decision has been made. 3.0 TRANSACTION COST THEORY Besides, transaction cost theory has also great influence in the reformation of corporate governance. The exposition of transaction cost theory is where the organization has become larger and became the market leader; in effect it turns to control the market by determining the allocation of resources. The organization started try to control the production, price movement in the market and the markets coordinate transaction. Therefore, the organization tent to extent their organization by vertical integration either forward or backward integration in order to create a boundary so that the organization could control and determine the price and production of a product. Besides, the organization could also reduce risk as the organization could avoid the risks that there is an increase of price in future yet could avoid the risk of dealing prices with supplier or retailer. Due to there is imperfect market condition, as there is too many buyers and limited resources, transaction cost economic has incurred. According to the theory of transaction cost economics it assumes that some individual are opportunistic, some of the time, at the same time it also stated that mangers are opportunistic by nature. (Soloman, 2007). Due to there is limited resources, there will be an increasing of the market value of a product/ services, and this has created an opportunity for the managers and other economic agent to practice bounded rationality. According to Simon, bounded rationality defined as the behavior that was intentionally rational but only limitedly so. The managers will tend to satisfies him/her own self interest rather than maximize the company profit. They would try as hard as to organize transactions for their best interest. At the same time, arms length transaction will also occur during the negotiation. This is because the seller and buyers or the supplier and retailer will be acting in their own self interest during the negotiation session as there are limited r esources/ substitute and this give an opportunity that bribery and under table problem occur. Therefore, in order to avoid these problem occur, the organization should have stuff rotation once a year in order to avoid there is close relationship between the manager and buyers. At the same time, transparent, integrity and openness should be practice among the organization, so that the information are open to disclose and the information give in financial statement is disclosing with honest and completeness and there is no hidden information. Besides, if there is related party transition occurs it has to be stated clearly in the account to avoid any misunderstanding. 4.0 STAKEHOLDER THEORY The role of organization in the society, the impact of organization on the employees and environment has being highly focused and discusses over decade. Society nowadays has become more concern about organization business activity, the effect to environment and how they treat the stakeholder unethically. Therefore, stakeholder theory has been involved and has great influences on the reformation of corporate governance. The main concept of stakeholder theory is that the organization should concern on more sectors of society rather then only focus on the returns for organization and their shareholder. Stakeholder theory normally being viewed as a conceptual cocktail, as it emphasizes on the dependency of many different groups on the organizations management, not only the shareholders but also the employees, customers, suppliers, creditors and the general public. There are too many problems rise in the real environment, as the organization nowadays are acting in so unethically way and they are only concern about their self-interest or to increase the organization profitability. It highlighted that the social problem todays are getting serious as the organization nowadays are acting so irresponsibility; they do not border about the damages and effect that they bring to the environment. Besides, in order to maximize him/her self interest, it causes fraud and cheating problem occur. Due to the organization didnt act ethically as connected with what they are doing and unable to fulfill their basic responsibilities to their stakeholder. Therefore, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has fallen into as it relies on the separation between the business, social and ethic which the stakeholder theory intends to solve. It has become main issue for the organization, where the organization are being so encourage by the society to improve the way the they treat the stakeholder and the environment , yet it will influence the views of the society to the organization. Ho wever a major problem has arise, is there a measurement to measure the stakeholder welfare? Yet, there is no standard accounting measurement or market value measure that could measure the past or current organization decision brings effect on the stakeholder welfare. Besides, when an organization takes into account of all the goals and involved themselves in the stakeholder activities, often there will be bring a higher cost to the organization yet will decrease the business performance. The manager may become ineffective to achieve the company goal in order to achieve win-win situation to the society and organization. At the same time, from the China economy performance shows that the society becomes worst when the organization is focusing on social goals.(Kim, 2010) Indeed, the stakeholder theory stated that the organizations should act responsibility and take into account of the stakeholder welfare as it the moral things to do so but it is very questionable to do so. As it is not a well-defined theory and it doesnt show that by taking into account of the stakeholder welfare it may increase the organizations stock and operating performance yet there is no prove that maximizing organization profit will bring harms to the society. Therefore, stakeholder theory is very questionable and it depends on the organization how to practice it. 5.0 CONCLUSION In short, having good corporate governance is a major key in order for an organization to success. The corporate governance conceptual or theory is just providing a guideline for the organization in order to have improvement or being self-regulation. So that the organization would provide better services, bring less harm to the society and protect the environment. However, it maybe not practical and there is difficulty to practice in the real world as many organizations may not follow as what the theory said. An organization may fail in social goal but success in business, but an organization may not be success in social goal yet fail in business. At the same time, the major problem is there are lack of a framework, rules and regulation that every organization has to follow as what corporate governance said. Therefore, it is depends on how organization to practice it in order bring less harm to the society and protect the environment.